Notable Inventions and Discoveries

Date Invention Or Discovery Inventor Or Discoverer Nationality 1250 Magnifying glass Roger Bacon English 1450 Printing press Johann Gutenberg German 1504 Pocket watch Peter Henlein German 1590 Compound microscope Zacharias Janssen Dutch 1593 Water thermometer Galileo Italian 1608 Telescope Hans Lippershey Dutch 1625 Blood transfusion Jean-Baptiste Denys French 1629 Steam turbine Giovanni Branca Italian 1642 Adding machine Blaise Pascal French 1643 Barometer Evangelista Torricelli Italian 1650 Air pump Otto von Guericke German 1656 Pendulum clock Christiaan Huygens Dutch 1661 Methanol Robert Boyle Irish 1668 Reflecting telescope Isaac Newton English 1671 Calculating machine Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz German 1698 Steam pump Thomas Savery English 1701 Seed drill Jethro Tull English 1710 Piano Bartolomeo Cristofori Italian 1712 Steam engine Thomas Newcomen British 1714 Mercury thermometer Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit German 1717 Diving bell Edmund Halley English 1725 Stereotyping William Ged Scottish 1745 Leyden jar (condenser) E.G. von Kleist German 1752 Lightning rod Benjamin Franklin American 1758 Achromatic lens John Dollond British 1759 Marine chronometer John Harrison British 1764 Spinning jenny James Hargreaves British 1769 Spinning frame R. Arkwright English 1769 Steam engine (with separate condenser) James Watt British 1769 Automobile Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot French 1775 Submarine David Bushnell American 1780 Steel pen Samuel Harrison English 1780 Bifocal lens Benjamin Franklin American 1783 Balloon Joseph Michel Montgolfier and Jacques �tienne Montgolfier French 1784 Threshing machine Andrew Meikle British 1785 Power loom Edmund Cartwright British 1786 Steamboat John Fitch American 1788 Flyball governor James Watt British 1791 Gas turbine John Barber British 1792 Illuminating gas William Murdock Scottish 1793 Cotton gin Eli Whitney American 1795 Hydraulic press Joseph Bramah English 1796 Lithography Aloys Senefelder German 1796 Smallpox vaccination Edward Jenner British 1799 Fourdrinier machine (papermaking) Louis Robert French 1800 Jacquard loom Joseph Marie Jacquard French 1800 Electric battery Count Alessandro Volta Italian 1801 Pattern loom Joseph Marie Jacquard French 1804 Screw propeller John Stevens American 1804 Solid-fuel rocket William Congreve British 1804 Steam locomotive Richard Trevithick British 1805 Electroplating Luigi Gasparo Brugnatelli Italian 1810 Food preservation (by sterilization and exclusion of air) Fran�ois Appert French 1810 Printing press Frederick Koenig German 1814 Railroad locomotive George Stephenson British 1815 Safety lamp Sir Humphry Davy British 1816 Bicycle (no pedals) Karl D. Sauerbronn German 1819 Stethoscope Ren�-Th�ophile-Hyacinthe La�nnec French 1820 Hygrometer J.F. Daniell English 1820 Galvanometer Johann Salomo Cristoph Schweigger German 1821 Electric motor Michael Faraday British 1823 Silicon J�ns Jakob Berzelius Swedish 1823 Electromagnet William Sturgeon British 1824 Portland cement

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"Curiosity is the key quality in an innovator. Contrary to what one may suppose, it is not intelligence."